![]() ![]() For consistency the most significantly changed value (with respect to the reference range) of each parameter recorded during hospitalization was used (e. To detect possible correlations between chronic gastrointestinal problems later in life and the severity of the CPV infection, selected laboratory parameters from the clinical records of the time of acute CPV infection of the puppies were evaluated. Diagnosis was based on typical clinical signs in conjunction with a positive faecal antigen ELISA, positive PCR of faeces, or virological detection of CPV in faeces by electron microscopy. Initially, 237 dogs suffering from a clinical manifestation of CPV infection were included. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether dogs that survived a clinical manifestation of CPV infection prompting intensive antibiotic treatment have an increased risk for chronic gastrointestinal and skin disorders, such as food or environmental allergies, or cardiac diseases later in life. However, this knowledge would be important to establish long-term prognosis. ![]() So far, information about long-term consequences of CPV infection is sparse, and only few studies in veterinary medicine address long-term effects of acute intestinal disorders in general. Taken together, there is reason to suspect that severe enteritis in combination with antibiotic exposure in early life might also predispose dogs to signs of chronic gastrointestinal disease later. Metadata analysis suggests an association between acute gastroenteritis and development of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome in humans. In humans, recent studies have shown that early-life exposure to antibiotics is associated with an increased risk for the development of allergic disorders. Therefore, aggressive intravenous, broad-spectrum, bactericidal antibiotic treatment is part of the therapy. Puppies with CPV enteritis in combination with neutropenia are prone to become septic. Severe destruction of the intestinal barrier might lead to a higher risk for immunological diseases later in life. An intact intestinal barrier is crucial for the development and stimulation of the immune system and establishment of oral tolerance. These changes as well as the haemorrhagic diarrhoea seen in these dogs are associated with destruction of the intestinal barrier. In the intestine, characteristic histologic findings of parvovirus enteritis include necrosis of the intestinal crypt epithelium, shortening or obliteration of villi, and dilation of intestinal crypts with necrotic cellular debris. Structural changes in myocardial tissue have been detected in puppies surviving acute CPV infection, however their clinical consequence is unclear. In puppies, CPV can also affect myocardial cells during the time of high cell turnover rate from the time of intrauterine development until up to the age of about two weeks leading to acute heart failure frequently resulting in sudden death within the first eight weeks of life. As parvoviruses require cells with a high proliferation rate for replication they have a high affinity for the small intestine, bone marrow, and lymphatic tissues. Canine parvovirus (CPV) represents a common viral cause of acute enteritis in dogs.
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